Link found between gum disease and brain function
Gum disease appears to disrupt brain activity, potentially increasing cognitive decline.
People with gum disease can experience altered connections between different brain regions, compared with people with good ortal health, MRI scans have shown in a new study.
“These differences suggest that periodontitis may negatively affect brain function even in normal cognition,” concluded the research team led by Xaiohu Li, an associate professor of radiology with the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China.
The results also indicate that “periodontitis might be a potential risk factor for brain damage and provides a theoretical clue and a new treatment target for the early prevention of Alzheimer’s disease,” the team wrote in its report, published in the Journal of Periodontology.
The study has important implications for improving not only oral health but also neurological health worldwide.
Anhui Medical University researchers.
For the study, researchers studied the oral health and brain activity of 51 people, including 11 with healthy gums, 14 with mild gum disease, and 26 with moderate-to-severe gum disease.
The people with moderate-to-severe gum disease displayed changes in connections between and within different brain regions, the researchers said.
Overall, gum disease was associated with impairment of network function within the brain.
“To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to compare brain function changes in elderly individuals with normal cognition with different severity levels of periodontitis from the perspective of brain networks,” the researchers wrote.
These changes might be caused by brain inflammation promoted by gum infections. Bacteria from diseased gums can invade brain tissues, promoting an immune response, the researchers said.
Prior studies also have found higher levels of amyloid beta deposits—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s—in the brains of people with gum disease, researchers said.
“These findings not only enrich our understanding of periodontitis but also contribute to the development of potential imaging biomarkers and may provide new approaches for the early prevention and treatment of AD [Alzheimer’s disease],” the researchers wrote.
“The present study has important implications for improving not only oral health but also neurological health worldwide,” they concluded.